"I work for a company based in the US and earn income through W-2 forms. Where am I obligated to pay taxes?"
One fundamental principle of international taxation is that individuals are typically taxed on their global income in the country where they reside.
Another key principle dictates that employment income is attributed to the location where the work is physically performed unless the individual works remotely from a country they do not reside in for a relatively short duration. This principle is enshrined in most double taxation treaties to which Portugal is a signatory.
For individuals whose employers are based in countries with double taxation treaties with Portugal, it's feasible to maintain employment status, provided they commute to the other country for work. However, if they work remotely from Portugal, they are liable to pay income tax in Portugal. In such cases, their employers must establish a branch in Portugal.
In many instances, both employers and employees may attempt to maintain the appearance that employment continues from the other country. However, both parties undertaking this practice risk scrutiny by Portuguese tax authorities. Portugal may not recognize taxes paid in the other country under such circumstances.
The standard principle governing social security is that it is paid and coverage is provided in the same location where employment is carried out.
Nevertheless, certain countries have bilateral social security agreements, enabling the concept of "temporary placement." Employees relocating to another country for a limited duration and able to provide evidence to substantiate this arrangement may, if such an agreement exists, continue to pay social security in their home country.
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